By Benedikt Paul Gocke
Although physicalism has been the dominant place in contemporary paintings within the philosophy of brain, this dominance has now not avoided a small yet starting to be variety of philosophers from arguing that physicalism is untenable for a number of purposes: either ontologically and epistemologically it can't lessen mentality to the area of the actual, and its makes an attempt to lessen subjectivity to objectivity have completely failed. The members to After Physicalism offer robust choices to the physicalist account of the human brain from a dualistic standpoint and argue that the reductive and naturalistic paradigm in philosophy has misplaced its force.
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2003. Physicalism and Mental Causation: The Metaphysics of Mind and Action. Exeter: Imprint Academic. Wittgenstein, L. 2006. On Certainty. Oxford: Blackwell. 1 The Naturalness of Dualism Uwe Meixner In his famous biography of Samuel Johnson, James Boswell recounts the following anecdote (see, for example, Boswell 1986: 122): After we came out of the church, we stood talking for some time together of Bishop Berkeley’s ingenious sophistry to prove the nonexistence of matter, and that every thing in the universe is merely ideal.
Personal Agency: The Metaphysics of Mind and Action. Oxford: Oxford University Press. McGinn, C. 2000. The Mysterious Flame: Conscious Minds in a Material World. New York: Basic Books. Papineau, D. 2002. Thinking about Consciousness. Oxford: Oxford University Press. , and J. L. Singer. 1978. The Stream of Consciousness: Scientific Investigations into the Flow of Human Experience. Chichester: Wiley. Priest, S. 2000. ” London and New York: Routledge. -P. 1956. Being and Nothingness: A Phenomenological Essay on Ontology.
Surely Johnson has demonstrated (in this counterfactual situation) that there is pain in the world (just as in the historical situation that Boswell recounts Johnson has certainly demonstrated that there is at least one large stone in the world). But does this refute materialism? Has he shown that at least one concrete entity is nonphysical, that is, not mind-independently physical* (for elucidation, see the—admittedly rather important—note 8)? In Boswell’s anecdote, Johnson does not succeed in demonstrating that there is at least one concrete mind-independently physical*, that is, physical, entity (cf.